In 2007 the US National Research Council identified six critical needs for implementation of their Vision and Strategy for Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century. This presentation provides a perspective on the state of the science, at the macro level, as viewed by the presenters and participants at a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) sponsored Focused Topic Meeting held in 2018.

To bring this macro-level perspective into sharper focus a decadal view of key milestones and on-going development and evaluation of an adverse outcome pathway linking aromatase inhibition to reproductive dysfunction in oviparous vertebrates will be presented. Viewing both the forest and a tree together provides the opportunity to reflect on progress made and challenges that remain in the application of high throughput screening in environmental risk assessment. Looking forward, six key opportunities for research organizations to make an impact in the decade ahead were identified. Several opportunities taken in relation to the Chemical Safety for Sustainability Strategic Research Action Plan 2019-2022 will be highlighted.